[seqfan] New? Constant for a Functional Equation
Paul D Hanna
pauldhanna at juno.com
Sun Mar 3 01:06:43 CET 2013
Seqfans,
It appears that there is a new(?) constant that arises out of the following functional equation.
Would someone verify and perhaps generate more digits of this constant?
Consider the functional equation:
(*) G(x) = 1 + x * [d/dx x*G(x)^n] / G(x)^k
where n and k are nonnegative integers.
Examples in the OEIS include:
Ex.1: n=1, k=0:
A(x) = 1 + x * [d/dx x*A(x)^1] / A(x)^0 generates A000142 - Factorial numbers:
1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880, 3628800, ...
Ex.2: n=1, k=0:
A(x) = 1 + x * [d/dx x*A(x)^2] / A(x)^1 generates A001147 - Odd double factorials:
1, 1, 3, 15, 105, 945, 10395, 135135, 2027025, 34459425, ...
Ex.3: n=2, k=2:
A(x) = 1 + x * [d/dx x*A(x)^2] / A(x)^2 generates A112934:
1, 1, 2, 6, 26, 158, 1282, 13158, 163354, 2374078, 39456386, ...
Ex.4: n=3, k=2:
A(x) = 1 + x * [d/dx x*A(x)^3] / A(x)^2 generates A007559 - Triple factorials:
1, 1, 4, 28, 280, 3640, 58240, 1106560, 24344320, 608608000, ...
Ex.5: n=3, k=3:
A(x) = 1 + x * [d/dx x*A(x)^3] / A(x)^2 generates A112936:
1, 1, 3, 15, 111, 1131, 14943, 243915, 4742391, 106912131, ...
So the functional equation (*) is some worth study.
Note that if k is too large for a fixed n, the A(x) that satisfies (*) will be a power series in x with negative coefficients somewhere in the expansion of A(x).
I ask, what is the largest k for fixed n such that (*) is satisfied by a power series in x with only nonnegative coefficients?
Given n, let a(n) be the largest exponent k such that:
G(x) = 1 + x*[d/dx x*G(x)^n]/G(x)^k
is satisfied by a power series in x with positive coefficients.
Then it appears that the ratio of a(n)/n, as n grows, approaches a limit:
Limit a(n)/n = 1.541904116820940344888204990518...
Below are some examples of how a(n) grows for n=10^m.
Please verify; I only checked the initial 31 coefficients for negative values, so all this needs validation.
Two requests: could someone
(1) generate the sequence a(n) for n=1,2,3,...
(2) generate more digits of the above constant?
Thanks,
Paul
n a(n)
10^0 1
10^1 14
10^2 153
10^3 1541
10^4 15418
10^5 154189
10^6 1541903
10^7 15419040
10^8 154190411
10^9 1541904116
10^10 15419041167
10^11 154190411681
10^12 1541904116820
10^13 15419041168208
10^14 154190411682093
10^15 1541904116820939
10^16 15419041168209402
10^17 154190411682094033
10^18 1541904116820940344
10^19 15419041168209403448
10^20 154190411682094034488
10^21 1541904116820940344887
10^22 15419041168209403448881
10^23 154190411682094034488819
10^24 1541904116820940344888204
10^25 15419041168209403448882049
10^26 154190411682094034488820498
10^27 1541904116820940344888204990
10^28 15419041168209403448882049904
10^29 154190411682094034488820499051
10^30 1541904116820940344888204990517
10^31 15419041168209403448882049905179
10^32 154190411682094034488820499051803
...
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