As Pieter Moree pointed out, I made an error. For one thing at least, |1/j(k) - 1/k| is NOT necessarily <= |2/n -1/(n-1)| < 1/n (or <= 1/k either)! (I do not know *what* I was thinking) But the result of sum{k=1 to n} GCD(k,n) = n *sum{k|n} phi(k) /k seems to be right, at least. :/ Sorry + thanks, Leroy Quet