3,5,11 - sequence /proposal for an additional definition
Gottfried Helms
helms at uni-kassel.de
Tue Nov 8 18:35:32 CET 2005
Funny,
just came around another definition for 3,5,11:
we discuss modular groups.
assume the 2nd hyperpower of a number, x^x , the 3rd x^x^x,...
now assume that hyperpower is repeated to infinity.
For real numbers there are some results of that discussion,
when and if a limit exists, then what is it, for instance,
x^x^x^x... = 2 - is there a limit for x?
Let's write x^^k for a finite stack of exponents, and x^^°°
for an infinite stack. If there is such an x, then let's say,
that x is a inf-hyperroot of 2.
I think, x=sqrt(2) is proposed for such a limit, when x^^°° = 2;
but there are sharp bounds for y in x^^°° = y
-----------------------------
However I didn't see such things with modular arithmetic.
So is ask: if any n repeatedly hyperpowered in the modular
residues group of any prime p: does it converge to a constant
value, (so that this n could be called a inf-hyperroot of
the residue group modulo p)?
Let's see the modular residues group of p=7
take n=3
3 = 3 (mod 7)
3^3 = 5 (mod 7)
3^3^3 = 3^5 = 6 (mod 7)
3^3^3^3 = 3^6 = 1 (mod 7)
3^3^3^3^3 = 3^1 = 3 (mod 7)
...
so the results become periodic; but there is no convergence to
a fixed limit - for n=3 we have divergence.
take n=4
4 = 4 (mod 7)
4^4 = 4 (mod 7)
4^4^4 = 4^4 = 4 (mod 7)
...
again the result is periodic; but since the period-length is 1
we could assign 4 as a limit for 4^^°° = 4 (mod 7)
-------------------------
Now the connection to the sequence in question:
For p=17, we have 9^^°° = 9 (mod 17)
for p=23 we even have two solutions:
18^^°° = 2 (mod 23)
12^^°° = 12 (mod 23)
and so on.
I checked some small primes, and found, that for
p=3,5,11 there are no solutions...
so 3,5,11 are some small primes which are inf-hyperroot-free primes.
;-)
Gottfried Helms
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