a(n)=Number of Unique Matrix Products in (A+B+C)^n When [A,B]=0
Paul D. Hanna
pauldhanna at juno.com
Thu Feb 2 06:31:55 CET 2006
Seqfans,
Max's nice work has provided some insights into the combinatorics
behind my queries.
Below are formulas for 2 of the sequences that seem to lend themselves
readily to generalization.
> > a(n) = the number of unique products of matrices A, B, C, in
(A+B+C)^n
> > where commutator [A,B]= 0 but C does not commute with A or B.
> It is in the OEIS under the name A001906 (Max)
FORMULA:
a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n} Sum_{j=0..n} C(n-j,i)*C(n-i,j)
> > "a(n) = number of unique matrix products in (A+B+C+D)^n where
> > commutator [A,B]=[A,C]=[B,C]=0 but D does not commute with A, B, or
C."
> This one seems to be A052529 (Max)
FORMULA:
a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n} Sum_{j=0..n} Sum_{k=0..n}
C(n-j-k,i)*C(n-i-k,j)*C(n-i-j,k)
From these (assuming true), can anyone find a more general formula?
How about formulas for these sequences (given earlier):
(A1) "a(n) = number of unique matrix products in (A+B+C+D)^n where
commutator [A,B]=0 but neither A nor B commutes with C or D."
(A2) "a(n) = number of unique matrix products in (A+B+C+D)^n where
commutators [A,B]=[C,D]=0 but neither A nor B commutes with C or D."
I would like to take a wild guess at the formula for this case:
(A4) "a(n) = number of unique matrix products in (A+B+C+D+E)^n
where A,B,C, and D all commute with each other, but not with E."
FORMULA (predicted from trend):
a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n} Sum_{j=0..n} Sum_{k=0..n} Sum_{m=0..n}
C(n-j-k-m,i)*C(n-i-k-m,j)*C(n-i-j-m,k)*C(n-i-j-k,m)
which would begin:
1,5,19,69,250,907,3292,11949,43371,157422,571388,...
which is OEIS: A055991 (a(n) is its own 4th difference).
Would someone like to enumerate (A4) to see if it matches the formula?
Thanks,
Paul
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