Different patterns in Sn modulo 2, is it A001405?

[Ivica Kolar]

Thank you all for your kind answers!
You got me thinking ;)

"The combinations function is one of the most fundamental in
combinatorics, and while S_n is equally fundamental, looking
at numbers modulo 2 is a fairly specialized operation. (Franklin )"

Sorry, I was not clear enough. My "point of view" is modulo i, not just modulo 2.

Please, let me defend (and I hope, explain) my modulo i point of view:

1. Index of permutation, [0..n!-1] 
   Let Ix be integer index of a permutation from Sn, Ix element of [0..n!-1].
   We can get rid of base 10 integers expressing them in Factorial Number System, FNS.
   That is modulo i number system, i element of [2..n], base i!.
   Let R be index of a permutation expressed in FNS.

2. Permutation Generator, PG
   Lets define PG as transformation of R to permutation, P.
   I'm aware of two family of PG's which converts R to P using modulo i arithmetic (+,-), i element of [2..n].

3. Permutation
   P obtained above can be viewed as own index expressed in base n number system.
   So, Ix and R and P are all the same thing, what differs is only used number system.
   That allows me to view the whole Sn as modulo i thing, 
   with i being fixed, i.e. n, or i varying from 2 to n...

Now back to the subject:
Lets define n! as "number of different patterns in the set of all permutations Sn taken modulo n".
Generalized question now becomes:
What is the number of different patterns in the set of all permutations Sn taken modulo i, i element of [2..n]?

Sequences:
SEQ CONSTRUCTION (FIXED i)
 i   n= 1 2 3  4   5   6    7     8 OEIS
-----------------------------------------------
 2 1,2,3, 6, 10, 20,  35,   70,.. A001405
 3 1,2,6,12, 30, 90, 210,  560,.. A022916
 4 1,2,6,24, 60,180, 630, 2520,.. A022917
 5 1,2,6,24,120,360,1260, 5040,..  -------
 6 1,2,6,24,120,720,2520,10080,.. -------
 7 1,2,6,24,120,720,5040,20160,.. -------
 ..
-----------------------------------------------
 limes A000142 n!

Solutions:
----------
i=2 A001405 Central binomial coefficients: C(n,floor(n/2)). 
i=3 A022916 Multinomial coefficient n!/([n/3]![(n+1)/3]![(n+2)/3]!)
i=4 A022917 Multinomial coefficient n!/ ([n/4]!, [(n+1)/4]!, [(n+2)/4]!, [(n+3)/4]!)
...

Thank you again,
--ivica
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